Glance of Hepatitis C Diseases

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV = hepatitis C virus). Hepatitis C virus entry into liver cells, using the genetic machinery within the cell to duplicate the hepatitis C virus, and then infect other cells.

15% of cases of Hepatitis C infection is acute, meaning the body is automatically cleaned and no consequences. Unfortunately 85% of cases, hepatitis C infection becomes chronic and slowly damages the liver for years. In that time, the liver can be broken into cirrhosis (hardening of the liver), end-stage liver disease and liver cancer.

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Many kinds of hepatitis C. In many cases, the virus enters the body, began life in liver cells, disrupt the normal activity of these cells, then use the genetic machinery of cells to replicate hepatitis C virus and infect other healthy cells.

If you have hepatitis C patients, it is important to consume healthy foods and avoid alcohol. Alcohol can worsen liver damage you, whether you are in treatment or not.
One of the common symptoms of Hepatitis C is chronic fatigue. Fatigue can also be a side effect of treatment of Hepatitis C. Fatigue due to hepatitis C can be overcome with adequate rest and perform a routine exercise.

Hepatitis C virus is very clever transform themselves quickly. Today there are at least six major types of hepatitis C virus (often called the genotype) and more than 50 sub types.

This is the reason why the body cannot effectively fight the virus and research have not been able to make a vaccine against viral hepatitis C. Genotype does not determine how severe and how fast progress hepatitis C, but certain genotypes may not respond as well as others in treatment.

Often people who suffer from Hepatitis C have no symptoms, although infection has occurred for years. If there are symptoms can be: Exhausted, lost appetite, abdominal pain. Dark urine, skin or eyes become yellow (called "jaundice"), which rarely happens.
In some cases, Hepatitis C can cause an increase in certain enzymes in the liver, which can be detected in routine blood tests. However, some patients experience chronic hepatitis C liver enzyme levels or a normal fluctuation.

However, very necessary to have the test if you think you have the risk of contracting hepatitis C or if you've corresponded with people or contaminated objects. The only way to identify this disease is by blood tests.

Hepatitis C transmission is usually through direct contact with blood or its products and needles or other sharp instruments contaminated. In their daily activities much risk of infection such as Hepatitis C, bleeding cuts or nosebleeds, or menstrual blood. Personal equipment affected by the patient contact can transmit the hepatitis C virus (such as toothbrushes, razors or manicure tools). Risk of Hepatitis C infection through sexual intercourse is higher in people who have more than one partner.

Transmissions of Hepatitis C rarely occur from infected mother to infant hepatitis C a newborn or other family member. However, if the mother is also HIV positive, the risk of transmitting hepatitis C is very much possible. Breastfeeding does not transmit hepatitis C.

If you have hepatitis C sufferers, you cannot transmit hepatitis C to others through hugs, handshakes, sneezing, coughing, sharing utensils and drinking, regular contacts, or other contacts who are not exposed to blood. A person who is infected with Hepatitis C can transmit to others 2 weeks after infection to her.

One of the most severe consequences in patients Hepatitis C is liver cancer. Approximately 15% of patients infected with hepatitis C virus can eliminate the virus from the body spontaneously without facing it consequences at a later date. This is called acute infection. Unfortunately, the majority of sufferers of this disease become chronic.

Chronic hepatitis C one of the most dangerous diseases and hepatitis in a long time may develop complications, especially if not treated.

Chronic hepatitis patients at risk of a late stage liver disease and liver cancer. Few of chronic hepatitis patients, heart become damaged and needs to be done heart transplants. In fact, heart disease, especially hepatitis C the leading cause of liver transplants today.

About a third of liver cancer caused by Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver cancer continues to increase throughout the world because many people infected with hepatitis C each year.

Although hepatitis C have no symptoms, liver damage and continues to be severe over time. When the liver becomes damaged (for example, because hepatitis C) the liver will repair itself to form a scar. Grated form is often called fibrosis. The more scar indicates the severity of the disease. Thus, liver cirrhosis can be (filled with grated).

Structure of liver cells begins to burst, so that the heart is no longer functioning normally. Liver damage caused by hepatitis C usually occur gradually over 20 years, but several factors could make the disease progress more quickly, like alcohol, male gender, age and HIV infection.

Hepatitis C infection can cause liver damage without any symptoms, it is important to carry out checks as early as possible and discuss treatment options with your doctor. Research shows that patients treated prior heart damage have significantly better response to treatment than patients who delayed treatment.

Read more...

COMMON COLD DISEASE

Common cold is an acute infection disease of upper respiratory tract, that be caused by etiologic of viruses infection such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus and respiratory syncytial virus. With clinical manifestations are congestion, sneezes, clear until mucopurulent of nasal mucus, dry throat feeling, and sore throat, mild fever and cough.

Physical examination will show nasal mucus and erythematic of oral-pharynx, and normal chest. Management therapy of case particularly to clinical symptomatic by enough rest, hydration, and decongestions, for examples: pseudoefedrine for comfortable feeling, acetaminophen for analgesia and fever. Now ipratropium nasal spray has being provided for symptomatic therapy of cold. Use ipratropium 0, 06%, amount two sprays every hole of nasal. Zinc glukonat 13, 3 mg every two hours while patient being watched can accelerate the recovery process of cold if be started in the first of 24 hours after the symptoms appearing.

Read more...

MEASLES

Measles is a communicable disease that be caused by virus namely paramyxovirus. The symptoms of this disease usually appear about 10-12 days after a person be attacked by viruses.

In World every one year be estimated thirty millions person whose suffer measles and on year 2002 be reported 777 thousands case fatality be caused by measles. From that amount, 202 thousands case fatality come from ASEAN states and 15 % of it’s from Indonesia. Although on year 2005 case fatality of measles in all world can be decreased became 345 thousands but big half part of them sacrifices are children (beside this is photo of a child who suffer measles disease).

Children who suffer measles disease experience some symptoms such as: high fever (39, 5-40, 5 degree Celsius) during 2-4 days, cough, has a cold, conjunctivitis, red spots / stains. Red spots usually appear 14 days after be infected by virus and then be lost it self after 5-6 days. The first time red spots usually appear on face and neck of patient, and in 3 days the red spots spread to all bodies be included hands and feet.
Measles virus spread via droplets while sufferer sneeze or cough and can spread to all around peoples. Virus will permanent active and spread on air or surface that be infected until more than two hours. Virus also can be spread by a person who has be infected since four days before appear red spots (incubation periods) until four days after appear red spots.

Measles constitute one of all disease which can be prevented by immunization. All of children have to get measles’s immunization on age nine months to prevent measles disease that often be suffered by many children. Measles’s immunization can be gotten on Posyandu, Public Health Center and or Hospital.
The fatality of children sufferer measles disease is not caused direct by measles, but by consequence of complication that be happened on this disease include as most seriously complication like encephalitis, severe diarrhea, ear inflammatory disease, and pneumonia. The complications more often occur on children especially the children with bad nutrients or weakness of immune system. Be estimated between 1 – 5% of children in the developing countries that be attacked by measles will die.
For the most parts of measles disease sufferer will recover fully on periods one or two weeks of time, if be treated by all right.

Read more...

COMBAT THE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

The accurate methods to combat Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever scourge are avoiding mosquito bite and fight against the mosquito nest. Because the mosquito spreader of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) be present our around, then the active mosquito nest fighting must be enforced by community by watching the cleaning house and environment continuously. DHF be spread pass through of mosquito bite of Aedes Aegypti and or Aedes Albopictus. These mosquitoes bite at daylight by increasing bite activity two hours after sunrise and some hours before sunset. DHF is not spread directly from person to person.

After a people is bitten by Aedes Aegypti or Aedes Albopictus mosquito approximately 3-14 days later (generally 4-7 days) a people will indicate the symptoms or signs of DHF like as: Fever with body temperature more than 38 degree Celsius, Weakness, Appear red spot on the body, Nervous, feeling cool on end of hand and foot, Stomach-ache and vomiting, Its can be followed by bleeding like nose bleeding and bowel bleeding, and Thrombocytopenia.

To help a person who already indicate the symptom of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever disease can be did the action like: please give drinks cooked waters (tea or fruit) more and more, cooling compress on the body of sufferer, and please give medicine to decease hot of body and if a sufferer has convulsion history give anti convulsion medicine too.

Until at this time, there is not medicine or vaccine to prevent DHF yet. The potent methods to prevent this disease are avoiding mosquito bite and mosquito nest fighting. Mosquito nest fighting can be enforced to break reproduction chain of Aedes mosquito by some actions: Cleaning the water reservoir and place where the waters is filled minimal once a week like bath container, large water jar, flower vase, bird beverage place, and others. For big container by sow with abate powders; Dense cover all places where can intercept and retain falling rain water; graving ex-things like as: ex-ban, bottle ex-beverage, plastic that can intercept and retain falling rain water; plus other methods like substitution the water of flower vase once a week, repairing the water flow and gutter those have damaged, covering holes on a cut of bamboo / wood by earth.

Better preventive than curative of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, by control of mosquito spreader.

Read more...

AVIAN INFLUENZA

Avian Influenza is a communicable disease that be caused by Influenza virus strain type A (H5N1). It is transmitted by the fowl that’s able to attack the human. Generally Avian Influenza virus attacks the fowl only, but certain many types have experience to change become more savage and attack human.

Clinical Symptoms

The symptoms that be found in avian influenza as generally influenza symptoms i.e. fever, sore throat, cough, with snot, muscle pain, headache, fatigue. In short time this disease can become more severe as lung infection (pneumonia), and if the treatment of case is bad can cause the patient will die.

Etiology and Characteristics

Etiology of this disease is Influenza virus. The characteristics of this virus i.e.: able to live endure in water until four days at temperature 22^oC and more than 30 days at temperature 0^oC. In feces and body of avian or fowl that is ill this virus can live endure more long time, but will die on heating 60^oC for 30 minutes.

Incubation period

Incubation periods of influenza virus are variously, between 1 - 3 days.

Sources and spreading styles

The spreading of avian influenza (H5N1) in fowl occur accordance with fast by high fatality rate. Spreading this disease occur in the meanwhile fowl population one fowl husbandry, moreover can spread from one fowl husbandry to other area fowl husbandry. Whereas the spreading this disease to human can pass through air which be contaminated by virus from feces or mucus of fowl that is attacked by avian influenza. People whose have high risk be attacked by this avian influenza (H5N1) are employee of fowl husbandry, seller and a person who has task fowl preparation.
No evidence yet occurs spreading from person to person. Besides that no evidence yet spreading in human passes through fowl meat consumption.

Treatments

Patient who’s suffering an avian influenza should be treated by hospitalization. In hospital they are given as below:

1. Oxygenation, if be found respiratory disorder and it will become respiratory failure in trend by oxygen maintenance more than 90%.
2. Hydrations by give them intra vena fluids.
3. They can be given anti viral medicine i.e. : Oseltamivir 75 mg twice every day for 7 days.
4. In respiratory distress case the treatment is given accordance with RDS procedures and the patient be treated in ICU room especially.
5. Amantadine/Rimantadin is given in early infection at the first of 48 hours for 3 - 5 days by 5 mg/kg body weigh/day be divided two doses. If the body weighs of patient more than 45 kg is given 100 mg dose twice a day. In elder and patient with decrease of liver or kidney functions the dose must be decreased.
6. Oseltamivir for children less than 15 kg body weigh is 30 mg dose twice a day, more than 15 - 23 kg body weigh is 45 mg dose twice a day, more than 23 - 40 kg body weigh is 60 mg dose twice a day, and more than 40 kg body weigh is 75 mg dose twice a day. Dose of oseltamivir for a patient age more than 13 years is 75 mg twice a day.

Prevention efforts

Prevention efforts spreading of avian influenza can be done by avoids material that is contaminated by feces and mucus of fowl with efforts as below:

• A person who’s contact with material from gastrointestinal tract of bird has to use body protection (masker, goggles).
• The material from gastrointestinal tract of fowl as feces must be managed finely (be graved, be burned) in other it does not become spreading sources for people it’s around.
• The instrument which be used in fowl husbandry must be disinfected.
• Stable and feces may not be exited from fowl husbandry location.
• To consumptive chicken meat that is cooked at temperature 80^oC for one minute, whereas the fowl egg need be heated at temperature 64^oC for five minute.
• Keep the environment always clean.
• Keep self hygiene.

Read more...